di'u - last utterance

di'u
KOhA2

last utterance

pro-sumti: the last utterance

A little bit late..the last one for this week. And, by the way...durka! Don't forget!

vo'a - x1 it

vo'a
KOhA4

x1 it

pro-sumti: repeats 1st place of main bridi of this sentence

ri - last sumti

ri
KOhA5

last sumti

pro-sumti: the last sumti, as determined by back-counting rules

Continuing the pro-sumti-series. By the way, someone remind durka of his plans to finish the valsi-blog-to-rememberize-script!

ko'a - it-1

ko'a
KOhA4

it-1

pro-sumti: he/she/it/they #1 (specified by goi)

Just ripping the example from the reference grammar:

13.2) le cribe goi ko'a cu xekri
.i ko'a citka le smacu
The bear defined-as it-1 is-black.
It-1 eats the mouse.

I guess this week won't bring anything more interesting than some other pro-sumti-cmavo.

goi - pro-sumti-assign

goi
GOI

pro-sumti assign

sumti assignment; used to define/assign ko'a/fo'a series pro-sumti; Latin 'sive'

Two posts today because i missed the one yesterday. Check out the reference grammar on pro-sumti http://jbotcan.org/cllc/c6/s13.html in case it's new for you.

zi'e - relative clause joiner

zi'e
ZIhE

rel clause joiner

joins relative clauses which apply to the same sumti

Yeah, still relative clauses, hope you still enjoy them. Chapter for today: http://jbotcan.org/cllc/c8/s4.html

ku'o - relative clause terminator

ku'o
KUhO

relative clause terminator

elidable terminator: end NOI relative clause; always elidable, but preferred in complex clauses

ke'a - relativized it

ke'a
KohA7

relativized it

pro-sumti: relativized sumti (object of relative clause)

One more ingredient for relative clauses, enjoy!

poi - restrictive clause

poi
NOI

restrictive clause

restrictive relative clause; attaches subordinate bridi with identifying information to a sumti

One of the 100 most used words. For more information on restrictive clauses, check the grammar at chapter 8, http://jbotcan.org/cllc/c8/s1.html.

It's hard to keep my Weltanschauung out of this today :!

ma'i - in reference frame

ma'i
BAI

in reference frame

manri modal, 1st place (by standard 2) in reference frame ...

Quite usful, for those interested the info on {manri}:

manri | mar | reference | x1 is a frame of reference/standard for observing/measuring/determining x2, with/by rules x3 (x1 may be object or si'o idea) | cf. cmavo list ma'i, ckilu, merli, pajni, cimde, jdice, marde

Actually two words for today...

roi - quantified tense

roi
ROI

quantified tense

converts number to an objectively quantified tense interval modifier; defaults to time tense

So taking {so'e} (PA4, meaning 'most') and prepend it to {roi}, we get {so'eroi} meaning 'usually'.

With 60 hours a day there plenty of time left to learn another word, even at weekends. Hope all of you stuck in a 24 hour cycle will agree...Next break is at 5 new words.

AND OF COURSE, HAPPY PI DAY TO ALL!

be - link sumti

be
BE

link sumti

umti link to attach sumti (default x2) to a selbri; used in descriptions

I guess for many followers this is nothing new, but anyways it's an important cmavo I'd say. For those unfamiliar with this for, check out the corresponding chapter of the grammar: http://jbotcan.org/cllc/c5/s7.html

Ah, and in order to paper over the cracks of missing days and too few words, I'll simply add the two related words: {bei} and {be'o}!

gelki - 'happy'

gleki
gek, gei

'happy'

x1 is happy/gay/merry/glad/gleeful about x2 (event/state)

* adversity (= kamnalgei)

cf. badri, cinmo

gelki is related to the attitudinal {.ui}, see also
http://www.lojban.org/tiki/tiki-download_wiki_attachment.php?attId=185&page=The+Lojban+Reference+Grammar

fasnu - 'event'

fasnu
fau

'event'

x1 (event) is an event that happens/occurs/takes place; x1 is an incident/happening/occurrence

cf. cmavo list fau, krefu, lifri, fatci, rapli; gasnu, zukte, if speci
fically agentive, banli

gasnu - 'do'

gasnu
gau

'do'

x1 [person/agent] is an agentive cause of event x2; x1 does/brings about x2

cf. cmavo list gau, gunka, zukte, rinka, fasnu for non-agentive events, jibri, kakne, pilno)

krinu - 'reason'

krinu
ki'u

'reason'

x1 (event/state) is a reason/justification/explanation for/causing/permitting x2 (event/state)

cf. ciksi, rinka, nibli, mukti, se jalge, te zukte, cmavo list ki'u, bapli

Let me point you to modals: http://jbotcan.org/cllc/c9/s7.html
There are a lot more, but I won't post them all ;)

rinka - 'cause'

rinka
rik, ri'a

'cause'

x1 (event/state) effects/physically causes effect x2 (event/state) under conditions x3

* x1 is a material condition for x2
* x1 gives rise to x2

cf. gasnu, krinu, nibli, te zukte, se jalge, bapli, jitro, cmavo list ri'a, mukti, ciksi, xruti

Let me point you to modals: http://jbotcan.org/cllc/c9/s7.html

zmadu - 'more'

zmadu
zma, mau

'more'

x1 exceeds/is more than x2 in property/quantity x3 (ka/ni) by amount/excess x4

* also positive (= nonmau)

(cf. cmavo list mau, mleca, zenba, jmina, bancu, dukse, traji)

Today I want to point to comparatives and superlatives: http://www.lojban.org/sv/publications/reference_grammar/chapter12.html#s15

This is the last word of this weeks series. I already have a new topic for next week :)

lerfu - 'letteral'

lerfu
le'u

'letteral'

x1 (la'e zo BY/word-bu) is a letter/digit/symbol in alphabet/character-set x2 representing x3

* also x1 glyph, rune, character (also me'o BY/word-bu), x2 symbol set
* (adjective:) x1 is alphabetic/symbolic
* "letteral" used by analogy with "numeral"
* sinxa is the more generic symbol

(cf. mifra, namcu, sinxa, pandi)

Today I can point to http://www.lojban.org/en/publications/reference_grammar/chapter17.html (Chapter 17: As Easy As A-B-C? The Lojban Letteral System And Its Uses ) as well as http://www.lojban.org/en/publications/reference_grammar/chapter4.html (Chapter 4: The Shape Of Words To Come: Lojban Morphology). Enjoy!

cmima - 'member'

cmima
mim, cmi

'member'

x1 is a member/element of set x2; x1 belongs to group x2; x1 is amid/among/amongst group x2

* x1 may be a complete or incomplete list of members
* x2 is normally marked by la'i/le'i/lo'i, defining the set in terms of its common property(ies), though it may be a complete enumeration of the membership

(cf. ciste, porsi, jbini, girzu, gunma, klesi, cmavo list mei, kampu, lanzu, liste)


I thought I can draw your attention to the descriptors for masses and sets for some words (as cmima for example) require the usage of these descriptors:

http://www.lojban.org/en/publications/reference_grammar/chapter6.html#s4